mamluk`s militarism & new land-measurment of hessam al-din & nasser qalawoon

this paper has investigated mamluks egypt`s militarism influence on rook of hesam al-din & nasser qalawoon. the authors have concluded in this study that the generalissimo and military officers due to the monopoly on their extensive apanage areas and abundant revenues could limit the power of the sultan and even to the throne have greed sometimes; because much of the land, i.e 20 carats of 24 carats of thr land, in their possession. therefore 2 sultans of mamluk in order to harness the power of military officers and to restructure of organization surveyed the land and divided them again. this act was called the rook of hesami & rook of nasseri. but this policy has led to discontent and rebellion, especially among the military (ajnad al-halqa) and the destruction of egypt`s arable land.